Entry 11

Notes-

Swiss Design/ The International typographic style- 

IT IS MORE THAN JUST GRIDS! visual unity is achieved from a asymmetrical organization. it embraced objective photography. embarked the idea of san serif type, flush left/ rag right. WE see mathematical grids as the stereotype of swiss design. they thought that design should be socially useful. More important than the appearance is the attitude. it has it's roots in european modernism. Design as a socially useful and important activity. In 1950, Maxwell was invalid in creating his own school of design which existed till 1968 it was called "Ulm". They worked with one type face and used contrast as a visual elements. 

((they introduced a study of semiotics. ))- important in slide. 

Semiotics-

it's the philosophical theory of signs and symbols, what they mean in relationship to other things.There is no inherent or independent meaning. Get over it.  it's broken down into three basic parts; 

syntactis- order, (red followed by yellow followed by green)

semantics- meaning or refered to, (you should probaley slow down)

pragmatics- how it is used. (fire)

Armon Hoffman- he was born in 1920 and still alive. He designed the negative space and the rest will work . Joseph Muller Brockmann was looking for an absolute universal graphic expression. He embraced white space with his work and used his grid for a majority of his work. 

Swiss Modernism VS NYC modernism-

Paul Rand, Saul Bass & Ivan Chermayeff

1940 begun ti see effects of Modernism in advertising

European theoretical-- NY, oragmatic

"The Big Idea"

Paul Rand embraced the ideas of European modernism, and was the creator of the magazine Decoded. it was a WWII of a present for christmas but is was a barb wire. the red confetti was really drops of blood. He also gave us the UPS logo. The work that he was doing was ripped and cut and paste with collages. In the "No Way Out" piece, he just had paper and put it together, Saul Bass also did this. His work has influenced everyone's sense. 

Ivan Cherymayeff- 

doesn't get much attention but his work is in everyday life daily.  Luggage tags were collected by Cherymayeff and formed a new totalic.  He does a large protion of his art work using symbiotic theory. He had dots and gave them meaning. He uses the cheapest material to create art that's reflected by the brains thoughts. 

Post-modernism-

it's difficult to define. used to note a break with the earlier modernist principles by placing emphasis on form over function, by reinforcing traditional or classical elements, or by carrying modernists styles or practices to extremes.

Seen in Art, Design, Literature, and Architecture

Emphasis on feel rather than rationale

emphasis on surface, texture, and materials

self-consciousness or self reflecting

mixes high and low

historical reference

Vernacular

with Super graphics, people were taking big letterforms and colors and taking them places to reject the logic and just doing the texture. 

in 1963, a type ceding exam for Wolfgang Vinegard, becomes a relevant figure and in 1968 he gets bored with international style things. soon he goes back to letter press and wonders what happens if he lets chaos into the letter press. he embraces chaos.  He questioned the international style of design and was teacher in bosal. he influenced young students to take up this idea, He was saying "what if" but the problem was was it was easy to copy.  

Personal Thoughts:

Class was entertaining. With the Martha Stewart reference in terms of modernism was hilarious. It was good to have a refresh on the type of work Memphis did since Contemporary Design. Paul Rand and Ivan Cherymayer's work with paper to test your mind with images used out of cheap garbage is what i tired to do last year and failed, so i have a lot of respect for them for pulling these art styles. I'm also trying to learn to embrace white space in my work like Armon Hoffman has done. 

All these things they've done are more difficult than they seem and it's frustrating but interesting to think how their thought process went and what could they have done to improve on their original design. Modernism has changed a lot of things that almost anything theta might be done would seem to be copied. All and all, class never seems to bore me especially with the different types of ideas and art techniques artist pulled off in the past.

 And Dorians ways of explaining the subjects swell.

Questions:  

With all these changes with the Post Modernism era, were any older generation artist threatened by their work and did they find it difficult to keep up with and fall into obscurity? 

Entry 10

Notes: 

Herbert Matter-  he's a swiss born american photographer and designer, his work influence the NY school of designers. He's important for his use of imagery and projective imagery. He's in the pathion of people who designers look to. in the 80's, on the right there's a poster by Paul Abshare. He usually have exaggerated skills with imagery. He did work for Null furniture company and he unused abstraction of the form to speak about the form. 

he imbraces negative forms to allow the chair to be art. he's giving people a new way of thinking about art. 

Lester Beal- he gets a degree in chicago and he works as a designer in the 20's and 30's and he learns everything on his own. He moves a studio to NYC and the corporate design was like madmen. One of the things you can recognize about his work is visual contrast. in a piece he created in 1985, he has an open layout with contrast in forms/ He had a bizarre love for wood type and realized they work really well for contrast and he loves arrows. He later works for the Rural Elecrtification Administration and communicated the information with the least means. 

WPA: Works Program Administration- It's the largest new deal agency, it was an effort to try to employ millions of americans. They had a whole branch dedicated to the arts and hire European modernist to create modernist ideas to the government. 

Personal Thoughts: Class was shorter in notes then usual and the movie was full of so much information of Herbert Matter that it'll be hard to remember it all. I'm still happy with myself for getting an A on that test. It appears to be apparent that there can be multiple new ways ti think about art if you express it in different various compared to the usual techinques. Herbert Matter's work was a clear example of what was needed for art to strive in the future. 

Questions: How did the WPA find artist to employ?

Entry 9

Notes: triangles are REALLY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!!!

Bauhaus 1919-1933

14 years

33 Faculty

1250 students

1919-1925- Bauhaus is in Weimar- still place 

- 1923 first public exhibition

- 1924 Letter of resignation

1925-1932- Dessau. they evolve and their things are sold in shops

1928 

1932- 1933- Berlin- in old abandon factory 

Utopian desire to create a new spiritual society

Unity of Artist and Craftsmanship to build for the future

Ideas from all of the Advanced Art and Design Movements were exploited and applied funciainal design

Core people of the Bauhaus-

Paul Klee

Moholy Nagy

Johannas Itten

Herbert Bayer

Kandinsky

Mies van der Rohe

Walter Gropius

Oscar Schlemmer

Joseph Albers

Walter Gropius- 

first director of the Bauhaus, lived until 1969. He's a solider in the first WW and thinks about creating a new stool and taming the machine and taming technology for the benefits of society while he was studying. he has a council of master which were Gerhard Marks, Lyonel Feringer, and Johannes Itten who instructed the Preliminary Courses. 

it was a printed manifesto of the Bauhaus. They used a woodcut illustration used as a metaphor with represented paint sculpture and architecture saying it should alb one.  They saw themselves shaping the new century. They looked at what was the core the every basic thing artist should know. 

Johannas Itten-

His contribution was the he designed the foundation program and that there should be a Core knowledge the everyone shares. he lives until 1967. he idea was trying to release each individuals capabilities. what's special about this person. he was interested in establishing a physical nature in materials. he taught the fundamental principals of design that everyone would relate to. they would to explorations of contrast and study the old mater works and analyze them. there was a emphasis in contrast on how we would understand reality. sent the students out the grab  materials and understand the movement of objects. students didn't have money. 

Laszlo Moholy Nagy-

a hungarian constructavist. heft that art should be for the service of society. he experimented with everything- photography and montage and Itten sets up a foundation program but he's too far so he's replaces by Nagy and he's brought in to take over the foundation. he has incredible influence in the Bauhaus. Gropius right hand man. he combines imagery and typography and he thinks it's the most important thing to be experimenting with and creates a typo photo. he thought communication should be in it's most intense form. he was interested in legibility. the communication should never be impaired by aesthetic. he doesn't like post -nominism but he's trying to create a new graphic language. he experiments with photograins which was something new and used this as a way to make new art to explore new areas. a What If. He develops photoplastics which were photobloges and was a different way of thinking pre-computer. 

It's the golden period for the Bauhaus. a New building the gropius was able to bring his architecture work. Their stairway was actually similar to a painting to Schemer and Liechtenstein. 

Herbert Bayer-

he gives the universal alphabet. his idea is that we don't have an alphabet and the we have to learn upper and lower case ABand C. he came up with the idea to omit the upper letter. He did a piece which was a poster to announce a poster for Kandinsky that it's design was modernism in a nut shell. in 1928 Gropius and Nagy leave. they were harassed by the Nazi's. they thought if they leave the Bauhaus would be left alone.  he hired Hanz myers who isn't popular with the Nazi party. he doesn't last long and is replaced by Lease Vanderrou. not attractive and very mean looking. he's from a school called blood and soil. but then their closed by the Nazi's for his actions. 

Jan Tschicochold-

he creates an hand letter advertisement. he's the son of a designer painter and studied calligraphy. he's there in 1922. In 1936 america, the ideas of the Bauhaus wasn't embraced there. in 1923, in 21 years old he goes to the bauhaus exhibition and explode to their ideas. he brought different ideas into practical use and design and rocks his world. in 1925, he's writing and publishing a paper that explained the new typography to printers and designers. in 1928, he writes a seminal book called "the new typography". It was a bible for typography. he was looking to say everything people were doing with typography was crap and they need to use the new typography. lol he turns away from it later from life. the aim of every typographic work to be the dietary of a message in toy shortest most efficient manner. He created a simple invitation in 1927 which uses active negative space. He's harassed by the Nazi's by his typography. they throw him in jail and he's freaked out. in 1933, the Nazi powers shrugged. his worked was considered degenerated. and soviet posters were found in his flat. they think he was in collaboration with the communist and his typography book was confiscated for the protection of society. in 6 weeks, he and his family escape to Switzerland. He later works for penguin books and leaves the rest of his life there. 

Personal Thoughts: I thought that for class that a good help for studying for the test next week and that they different styles of the variety of artist would really help to make a new revolution for the new generation of artist here. Dorian's lecture seems to make him want us to focus more on the important teachings of history and focus on using more was of learning that would seem more appealing like using youtube or any type of video. The Nazi's ways with destroy work make me a little more pissed off at their actions with effecting the Bauhaus, if it wasn't enough with harming the jewish religion. I hope that I could be one of the people that will change how this generation of art will bring art into this era starting a new cause for my future.

Questions: I would like to know more about what other things the Nazi's have destroyed or disgraced with their actions during their uprising? I was shocked by the action that they took with Tschicochold. Do they do anymore drastic actions like this?

Entry 8

Notes-

Suprematist believed in the idea of jus pure color in their work. 

El Lissitzky-

El Lissitzky he's a painter, he helped pioneers but he's not dogmatic as moliavich and influenced distil and the bauhaus. He uses primary and simple shapes like black, white and red. he explores the interaction between the painting and arcitechtture. he develops P.r.o.u.n s which stands for project for establishment of the new art. He takes a scientific approach of he new art. Beat the whites with the red edge, it's a propaganda poster that's the most remembered of his work. wrote a book called the ism's of art, where he looks on what's going on with art. He has a interesting page system where he develops a mathematical grid system for the pages. It's written in english, german,and french languages. he brings modern ideas, with asymmetrical balance, white space, san serif type and  he shows that grids are a system of rules. 

The Battleship Potemkin- Video

Alexander Rodchenko-

in 1924, he attended art school from 1910-1914. He explored line and circles during one of his projects. he did simple pieces were he was influenced by Suprematism. 'I reduced painting to it's logical conclusion" as he says when he shows the primary colors of red, yellow, and black. he says painting doesn't serve society and moved to construcitivism. the style was primitive, raw and experimental. in 1928, it evolves and looks almost contemporary. After the revolution, people soon wanted power and creates teams where personal expression isn't aloud. Constructivist art is all about product like ads. 

De Stijl- 

it functions in a little window of time. it ends abruptly and it's based on an utopia approach to aesthetics. it's based on functionalism and relates to constructivism, 

 uses primary colors and black and white. it sought to express mathematical structures and express the universe and universal harmony. the groups known member and leader is Theo Vandosbergs. when he dies, it's that when the movement stops. They soon embrace asymmetrical composition in their magazine. the type makes you move around the page. it happened in 1922. 

Dadaism- 

Dadaism is where they say the world is chaos and the world has no meaning, so why should art have meaning? Theo actually embraced Dadaism. cause he believed in order to establish a new art, you had to destroy everything else, destroy the old tradition. Piet Mondrian is the most famous De Stijl Artist. Theo and Mondrian were buddies but had a fight. Theo wanted to use diagonals with the art, Mondrian was pissed about that. You can see an evolution of Mondrian work when he paints the same thing with a different interpretation. 

Bauhaus- 

it was a school like Ringling. in germany, it sucked, they lost the first world war, had pictures of people buying bread with a wheel-barrel of money. it;' built around and ideal to create a spiritual idea of utopian society. it was based around of looking for a unity to build a new future of craftsmanship. it exist in three different cities. in 1919-1925 in Weinar, Peope question how they were spending their  money for their art students. they have their first exhibition to earn money. in Dessau ,they were harassed by Nazi's and criticized the art students for their work with the art school. the built their school their. When the Nazi's kick them out. they go to a nasty place Berlin with awful environment. 

(get dates about Bauhaus from slideshow)

Personal Thoughts- Class was really depressing, the movies made me sad. Hahaha, just screwing with you. It was good to get a reminder as to how the Bauhaus operated with not a lot of money for an art school to stand. Especially with the poor surroundings and the Nazi's scooting them away. It's also nice to know about artist who use geometric shapes and mathematical grid systems as the way Lissiitzky had done. Another simplicity that was used in art with influenced Suprematism that I thought could be another relatable artist was Rodchenko. I thought his style and inspiration was new and creative but despite wanting to evolve from raw and primitive work as he calls it I still think all types of work can still be appreciate as we still look back at our work today. Dadaism keeps on reminding me that since life has no meaning, then why should art. I'm thinking about adding chaos to my personal work so I can make my work mean more to me than just a grade. The movie about the Bauhaus was moving shown how far people were willing to go for their art and what it takes to stand against oppression of the Nazi's. Have lots of thought on how I'm going to memorize this for the quiz and test. and seeing if their work will help with my style someday. 

Questions-  What did Theo and Mondrian have to relate to about their work before they had the big fight about the diagonal debate?

Entry 7

Notes: The youth movements is the next step of the art nouveau. with the Vienna succession, they felt oppressed and wanted a little freedom with their lives are their reaction to the old people telling them what to do. If things become too abstract you lose your audience. It should be a continuum away from the literal. what was cool about them was that they had their one magazine.they did something really radical and cool with the companies that wanted to sponsor it, they said if you want to advertise in our magazine, then we get to design your ad. The sixties poster come out when there was a art nouveau inspiration. It was a magazine that focused on young people and wasn't generated for adults. their posters focused on letterforms and their designs weren't crisp and completely indecipherable. their art rifts on other designs since they weren't locked into a style. their gig was to do historical themed recreations and digitize them into recreational thought. Their ideas revolved use to a modern poster style. 

Peter Barrons 

He's believed to be the first person to experiment with san serif type. He's an early advocate of san serif type. san serif was originally a anomaly. he creates what's considered to be the first comprehensive identity package. I pioneers the idea of non low bearing walls. He becomes influenced by a new professor whose obsessed with the idea of geometric expression. in 1904, he's expressed interested in his professors work. 1906 he designs the anolium , he sued the basic principle in combining the square to make interesting results. Barrons is hired by AEG in1907 to oversee their aesthetics. a year later, he fuels copyright for a logo, it's scene as a metaphor and it's like a honeycomb where everyone is working for the greater good. He comes up with the ideas with a consistent layout system, logo, and typeface. He takes it a step further later and takes interchangeable parts and applies it to the electric company. He also made the design for the turbin hall. this was old the time where we get the first electric railroad karts in London. 

WWI begins in 1914, it wasn't a pretty time. art movements reacted to it. 

Lucian Barnard

in early 20th century, a guy named Lucien Barnard was just another regular guy. He repainted the house like how it was since he got inspired by an art exhibition. Dad got mad and kicked him out. He became a starving artist. he paints an ashtray and a cigar then continues and when deadline comes he doesn't have anything. then he paints everything but the matches and name and sends it in. but it's put on a trash heep and throw it out. when they hired another guy to judge, he was so snobby he chooses Lucian and says he's the winner. Lucian rides this and used his work as a success. he soon became a commercial artist. he didn't like the bauhaus he didn't like that art should be a theory that is should be a job. it's been the longest running debate between designers. he later does other work for companies and typefaces. Another artist reifsts on his style and used Plockasthill. 

Plockasthill -poster style

it was an early war propaganda poster the supported the army recruiting people. it was a U boat (submarine) and it was abstract. it was a sophisticated way of thinking. Lucian also had graphic art that depicted abstracted meanings, (that were violent). 

The axis powers were weak design posters they were depicted on illustrations and they spoon fead their ideas to the audience. 

The axis powers were graphic while the allies were about illustration. 

Ludwig Hohlwein

he's a masterful poster designer, his achievements is overshadowed with his alliance wit the losing team. his poster of the red cross is related to the tradition of asian prints. later did the poster of the 1986 olympics. he reputation is destroyed because the germans and Hilter are asswipe losers. Hitler didn't like this approach to his designs. he believes that the allies have much better poster and that they should speak to the least sophisticated masses. he's gadabout emotional impact using contrast. 

A.M. Cassander

Cubism starts off in the 1900's , the greatest poster designer during this time was A.M Cassander.  when you embrace the idea of design being geometrical and  in proportional  we see things in life like that. Cassander uses sophisticated abstract to communicate ideas. He used the language of cubism in most of his work. 

Dotism is the reaction where noting makes sense and questions why art makes sense. 

Surrealism. saying the world is crazy and gives a mathematical approach to art. suppremmitsm comes up when cubism comes and used a single color to express emotion with simple ideas. it's about art for arts sake. it' about pure feeling. it's influenced by two things. futurism and constructivisim. futurism it was how can i show connects in motion.

Suppremmitism rejects utilitarian function,  it also rejects pictorial representation.Kazimir Malevich is the leader of the suppremmitisim movement. 

Rodchanko, Lissitzky, Tatlin were the three big players of Suprematism. 

Personal Thoughts: Class today was plain at it's best. We learned about how youth were sick of adult authority and decided to take matters in their own hand and wanted to have their own decisions, designs and creativity. They even designed ads that supported their magazine and work. their  abstract work reminds me of the work that's used today in art museums. They even rifted the classical art designs and made it stunning and imaginative. I feel this work is what inspired the change in music and later art styles. It's something I might try to do in the near future hoping to change the ways people see things while still communicating my thoughts and designs to give them feeling. I'm probably a long way from that but hey got to start somewhere. It's nice to know that there's regular people like Lucian Barnard  who gets famous from first becoming nothing. I thought the story of him becoming big is relatable but never going to happen to me since my family can't kick me out now and they never would. I appreciate that he got inspired by an art exhibition and wanted to try things out, sure he was late, we all know what that feels like but the fact that he got a career out of luck is what's really inspiring about his story. I wonder when'll that will happen to one of use and what style of art will get us famous. The propaganda posters of war were really well designed and Hitler's an idiot for not seeing true art and design. Wish he was on team America instead of the losing team. Since there was a lot of talk about the bauhaus and propaganda with Hitler (moron, you can see my hate for him) it was like a regular history lesson what i learned with high school but with art!!!!! Anyway, I'm ranting on here, class was informative and cool but like I said plain at it's best, except for the screen problems.

Questions: 

How far did Lucian Barnard's work take him. I also wonder did he repeat his lateness with his work like he did for his original work he showed? Another question is how did the other german soilders take to Ludwig's propaganda posters. Did Jewish people and American appreciate his work or did they see it the same way as Hitler did (not relating for the masses)?

DORIAN LOVES THIRDS XD XD XD XD !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Entry 6

Notes:

John Ruskin, he was born in 1819, early part of 1800's, becomes phylisofical leader of the arts and crafts leader. a leader that called for social reform. he asked how could you structure as society so they can maintain an orderly society? he wanted structure with society to take care of the most people. it was the beginning of socialism. he was a writer and a philosopher had the base idea that things were valuables simply because it was beautiful. he pointed to the idea of the cathedral being the perfect example of unity of design.  Several people were inspired by this idea. 

WILLIAM MORRIS-

William Morris is an important figure. Morris had the nick name Topsy.  With industrialization, with the key word aesthetic confusion, they rebelled against the machines. the idea was things were valuable because they were produced by hand. He;s the son of a wealthy merchant. i published his first set at 24. Morris is known for his oaten work, he was a socialist. Morris was involved with book arts, it was;t something that was flourished. it was later a popular trend. Goudi and Bruce Rogers hand an intreats in book arts Morris designs 3 of his own type faces golden, a black typeface called troy, and a smaller one called chaser. Morris;s type has even tonality. His work was precisely even in color. he design over 6044 blocks and did initials, boarders, frames, title pages. They always remember his vine work and work effort. 

Each generation rejects what their previous generation did. 

ART NOUVEAU- 

Aubrey Beardsley , he was inspired by William Morris, his work was similar to him. if you make a comparison you'll see similarity. he also has naked nymphs. Morris was pissed and threatened legal action against it. His work has a dark sexualness, and he has a tragic (generic) short life. Alphonse Mucha is a another person we could relate to. Had incredible sketched, when he starts as a young painter and printer, he gets a job working at a print shop. a big star Sara Burnhard had a design she was donning and she didn't like it. she ask for poster to be done while al was at work. the work was lush and colorful but looked uncompleted at the bottom. he didn't have time to finish. But she fell in love with it.  had him design costumes and sets and posters. Mucha's style was dominant. in late 1800's and early 1900's, Al is what defines what Art Nouveau is. The classic piece that everyone knows of Art Nouveau si the poster for job cigarette papers. 

Things to discuss about Mucha's work

whiplash tendrils for hair,

 tile work, 

a trumployness where he plays with depth

a flat background element playing 

get a sense of detention with the hair

complex patterns

the flat background is japanese inspired

his work was sophisticated graphic detail work. it was something that he believed in. People loved pattern work, they usually brought books of pattern, they enjoyed decoration. Had an abstract form of art. 

GE;'s pattern related to a japanese design, 

Art Nouveau catches on slow in America. Another man in America Will Bradley playes with abstraction, black and whlte pattern. He starts doing innovative things. starts using abstracts in simple form. has the ground in flat pattern but has demotions with the women. He also manipulated negative space in abstract form.  he used a photomechanical to reproduce the image to make the work abstract by decoding the image using japans woodcuts. Gets full of himself and prints a book while incorporating a lot of pattern work. 

Soon advertising becomes sophisticated.  Some of the work created a sense of envy with making the people look fancy and sophisticated. 

Jugenstrill was an art Nouveau that was about youth and was a popular trend. is again has simple flat color representing block printing. 

Peter Barrons another artist was known for his wookd block prints. He created a radical piece call the Kiss. It was scandals and taboo at the time. 

In Scottland, there was the Glassgo school of art. The school was bould around  4 different people, Margeret and Francis McDonald and they were sisters. Herbert McNare. and Charles Renne Macintosh. they were working in a similar style and they decided to team up. the work that they were doing were geometric, it has curvealiniar elements (meaning elements that was curvy, it doesn;t have right angles, but has a rectalinear structure) it has floras decoration, symbolism (carry over from Victorian era) like stylized forms, 1890;s headmaster sees them and says they should hang out.  

A book was made Margeret McDonald and in was made in 1896 and it was using symbolism.

They move in to many facets of design. they designed interiors, they recreated an entire restaurant and changed their library. They have a method on how things were going to work. 

Talwin Loriss  he listened to their information and took their ideas to give practical expression. he started to become extremely collectible and his stuff was mass produced. he's collected for his spin design. 

Sessionstil means style. young art people hanging out with the older art people and they wanted a show and the old people said no so the young people created their own. they formed Sessionstil.Gusta Clint and Koloman Moser important members of the Sessionstil. they put on an art show for their first exhibition, their first has an allegory which as an idea of the young people killing the old guard.

they used an outrageous use of negative space,had used so much white space. 

Personal Thoughts: I thought that today's class had a lot of information. Mucha's life style reminds me of my own and I'm a little wishful that my life will be that great as his when that lady loved his art work even though it was late. The Art Nouveau had a lot of abstract nature within it's pieces and it's use of negative spaces is also incredible that I hope to incorporate that style within my own animations. The video that was shown demonstrated the difficult time he had with his work and making people happy and making money on his own. However it's hard to relate since he was still wealthy thanks to his fathers income that made them still wealthy. I hope i get as lucky as some of these artist, without the sexual exploring and early death. 

Questions: Sometimes us art students are restricted in materials around here, I would like to know if Mucha had the same problem that we have with supplies and also if his dominate style was criticized by someone jealous of his talents? 

Entry 5

Class Notes:

A review on what's going to be on the test next week.

Quniform, 

Cave paintings are pictorial, elemental, abstract. qutiform shows transition. it develops out of speed and efficiency, but if it becomes faster it becomes more abstract.  Zylography, is printing with wood. shown of early block printing. 

through printing technologies they are examples of block books, books using block printing. the lettering style that was being used was gothic. texture, black letter, and gothic or anonymous.

 Gutenberg used gothic letter styling because that's what they used at the time of his era. goring middle class, students in universities. king of france was in favor of printing. Gutenberg regula guy, trying to make a buck. 

things to remember for a later time: 

A: Punch

B: Matirx

C: Type Mold (with matrix removed to show a newly cast H)

D&E: Type Mold

letter of indulgence is example of letter press printing. 

Words to remember: 

Xylography

Ligature

Incunabula

Fleurons

Steven Daye was a normal guy with his work. 

Simonneau's has 2,034 units in his drawings that were made because it marked an old style type face.

Pierre Simon Fournier uses a rococo style which was a french style that was fussy and decorative. with Copper plate engraving you can have a contrast between thick and thin. which led to Bodoni and Modern. the design style is neoclassical while it's family style is Modern. Bodoni has redesigned the roman letterforms. 

Need to know Joseph Niepce and Louise Jacques work for the test. Important. also that the first adman were brokers of space for newspapers with advertising.

Another words to think/study:

Ephemera (wasn't intended to be preserver)  

Scrap- they're disposable, example of ephemera

more example: calendars, picture materials.

New material:

the poster was a time period where there were a lot of exhibition where people showed their technology. Allegories had become popular that wasn't literal that represented something else.The printing tells you that the style is provolography.

there was a lot of experimenting with lettered for packaging  in different ways to how to get ink onto the metal, it was applied to packaging where people can find piles of it. the product was replacing the shopkeeper. when people moved to cities are relationship to people are replaced by products, they put faces to give customers something to relate to. it was the point in history where food culture started to emerge. as production methods improved. people start to produce more oats. the time where we start getting manipulated by our media. the ladies home journal and the practical housekeeper were respected journals and when they wrote ideas, they wanted people to trust them, they're not going to mention the product, just say how to make it. but they used juxtaposition of the food images to run an ad next to the recipe. we are aware of it but follow it anyway.  they used visual manipulation to have the women look nice and making soup in a soup tureen. they sutley say your life would be easier using their stuff. it's consumerisms but not high art. 

Towards the end of 1800's, they had chromolithography and workers fought tooth and nail to keep jobs. 

the Victorians gave the beginnings of toy books. that were meant to entertain kids. it was a change in attitude for kids. Walter Crane (will be coming up for the next several weeks). his style was the start of influence from japanese prints. 

Calbercott made absurd thing silk dishes running away.

Kate Greenaway is a few female illustrators being mentioned, she has a general use of white space at the time. 

Thomas Nast was an illustrator who brought down Boss Tweed and Tamani Hall using his illustrations to make commentary to what's going on. Tweed tries to offer Nast 500,000 dollars  but Nast stayed and continued the fight. things that were new and cool were what was popular and got into the ads. 

the giant pickle, Heinz 57 where John Henry Heinz began selling horseradish and started releasing a line of free package foods with 57 pieces to his line, he reacts the first large electric sign of his billboard.  was one of the first people to figured out that his employees were his marketings. using pretty young girls to be eye candy to all of the perverts. 

Personal Thoughts: I thought today's class went well. I got an almost perfect on my quiz that i used my notes for. But the test might be hard challenging since I have to memorize everything that I need to know. Reviewing was kind of simple and helpful with what I need to memorize. The new information was also interesting and related to what I do and use everyday. 

The information about how the allegories were popular with their printing style. The quaker mascot was familiar with what my family use when they eat oatmeals and other types of food. it's relatable to them, and they like the use of it mostly because of the face of a person. 

The Heinz ketchup is another thing that was familiar with my family and especially me. I loved the ketchup and the history of how he attracts people using his female employees is sick but effective in the type of work he's in. Overall, class was a good review and I hope to finish off the test with a bang.

Questions/Research: What was the most famous illustration that Nast did of Boss Tweed that attract the public to his work? 

Entry 4

Notes: Saw Guy make a 3D pantograph (video)

Industrial Revolution (video)

Expect this on test to identify:

old style, transition, modern, egyptian, san serif.- the five historical type families. 

(multiple choice questions)

remember the base line, x-height, cap height, ascender, desender, how to measure the face size (heighest to lowest)

San serif develops from taking to egyptian face and logging the fetes off.

in 1900, san serif used for running text. Peter Barrons. 

1800's printing hasn't changed a lot, still using things Gutenberg has given us, first iron press in 1800, made out of iron. pressed harder, metal screw system, used about 1/10 of physical effort for a wooden press. Evolution- Fredreich Koenig gets pattened for steam powered press, 1814, get pattened for a double cylinder press.

250 impressions-1800

1100 impressions-1814, machine to do the work for them. 

ledite- someone who won't use computers or new technology. 

people mad about steam powered presses, 1827 times commisened a press, built in secret. afraid it would be destroyed. development in progression. same time we have popular media. rapid production, cost of papers dropped. papers were originally sold my subscription  (more elite business,) penny papers for common papers. appeal to wider audience(that cost three pennies). they sold ad space. 

1830's- penny papers were conservative, not developed media form, blocky type on page. had names like advisor or the merchant. were more enlightening. 

1841 john hooper, first ad man. they were brokers of space. he placed ads in newspapers. takes ads to other newspapers. today called: media bots. brokers of space. 

Otmar Merganthaller perfected his linotype machine in 1886. His work is close to GIC students history. he created a machine to set type and putting it in. papers were limited to 8 pages. files a pattened in1825 for a machine to allow a persona to do compositing, in 1886, 300 machines in Europe and America that have or has been waiting for patteneds. German immigrant, comes with idea for casting type. he demonstrates to NY time his machine, sitting in keyboard. Linotype machine could do work of 7-8 compositors. they were not needed. before good business casting type, collapsed with people making lead type getting cheaper and cheaper and had to work in one company called the American type Foundation Company. 

had keyboard for the machine, element that they called a mouse, secondary keyboard. press key, release a matrix. a mold drops down shute forms lines. 

first photograph of nature, Jason Yeeps. 

jack dagara, photograph of records of streets in the past. streets empty, exposure took long people were't captured. only one guy, standing still long enough. 

henry fox tablet, experiment with making photographs. photographs was an interesting plaything that's going to be played with art. a photogram is- taking a light sensitive paper, exposing it to light. first photograph printed from a negative, 1835

1889 kodak released camera picture that everyone can use. anyone can talk pictures. 1865,sent photographers out to take pictures and sent it to illustrators to draw them in wood blocks that would be used to print. 

1880, first half tone plate. allowed us to print photographs. haf tone creates continuous tone.

Remember (Half Tone)

1864-1865, civil war, got photography developing, first war able to be photographed photos that were taken only showed aftermath. people said it was fake. 

Eadweard Muybridge (already know about him)

Victorian era. it's framed around the time Vitctoria was queen 1819-190. the era's graphics are noted for aesthetic confusion. the era is larked of a period of having strong moral and religious beliefs. they loved fussiness and complexity, the designs was the result of the aesthetic confusion. 

Fox Talbot made a book which was an example of Victorian graphics. gothic lettering, vine work, all the touchstones of Victoraian element graphics. 

New technology shift, lithography (print on big stones), promo lithography.  

advantae lithography, you could use gradation and have crazy curvy lines.

color lithography separate stone for each color, amazing gradation. invented in late 1700s. in 1800s they invent chromo lithography, 1840's printers are getting realistic images.  with Chromo lithography work, typography can now interact with the negative space of the people. it became intertwinement. 

Ephemera

Victorian era graphics, were called scrap cards they were little give aways as packaging, they were ephemera, cheap and colorful. first time in history people can have color art in your home. it had pattern and texture cause they didn't have it before. Lewis Prang and scorecards were synomonis. they gave example of Voctorian era graphics, were called Scrap.the era is also noted by a spirit of nationalism. it's identified as being Victorian by the boats, flags, the trumploy effects,. Same time period that there were lots of poster for traveling amusements.they have a blank section that would called Hubset. 

Personal Thoughts: I though that the class today was to help us learn more about the process that was made to make writing easier for typography. Even though it made things easier than how it was in the past, it cost many people of jobs and they couldn't provide for their families. They had to share beds and it was hard for them to also get a room let alone enough food for everyone. A lot of people got sick as well since their water bucket was the same bucket that they used for  using the facilities. A lot of people suffered from this and died out without realizing why they were getting sick since they didn't know that bacteria could kill them. The short review in class about the classical type faces and questions we'll be having on the test soon was really helpful in reminding me I need to study all of the things I'll need to know so I could be bette prepared. I was also happy in class when Mr. Angelo mention Eadweard Muybridge since I studied him for a presentation I have to do for Animation Techniques and I know a lot of information about him. The developing of photograph is sort of related to what I have to work on since my animator also worked with photography so it was nice o learn the evolution from the first photo taken of the war to the invention of Kodak. Overall, class was exciting and I hope all this information would stay with me for the test.

Questions and Research: It was said earlier that people were upset that the new inventions like the Lino-type and the Lithographs and Promo Lithographs since it made people go out of work. I was wondering how Leddites handled the Victorian Era work? Did they hate it or not notice it? As for Research, I have information about Eadweard Muybridge. During his accident with the Carriage ride, he lost the ability to taste and smell, which made more focused on what he wanted in his work with motion.

Entry 3

Notes: 

    Rococo's design has a lot of detail. it uses copper plate engraving. guys who made copper plate stated doing their own typography. used thick and thin lines. in england, not much was happening, they had civil war and political turmoil. Charles demanded number of printers to be 20 and death to otherwise. Printing is power. it threatens people in power. 

Bodoni made an early title page that showed that it was influenced by Rococo. 

prior revolution, has fancy style, revolution came and wanted to destroy it but had to put something new in it. could go back or…. do something new. when antiquity was appreciated. intreats in classic work. Bodoni was inspired by frunior. Bodoni helped bring modern in 1790. he redefines roman letter forms with geometric system. designs alphabet that was mechanical and geometrical. looked for interchangeable parts that could be reused. draw something by hand, human, organic. but mechanical means precise. reinvents the serif. took bracts off. His idea was letterform was to be built with a limited number of interchangeable units.

Late 1700's in america, guns interchangeable parts, modernization.  Bodoni built same way as gun. Bodoni, modern typeface. he had decoration before, as time passed, decorations disappeared and lighter page. 

1800's, Bodoni evolves to be fat face. a display version of Bodoni. has exaggeration of thick and thin and keeps on exaggerating. has fat face and a display face. display face is deceptive and good for say "SAIL" or "ROW" 

industrialization, opening factories, sold lots of stuff. world is affected in change, within industrial revolution shifts form librarian to on an industrial based. not happy time for workers, especially if young. industrialization lead to consumers. people need to buy stuff to support the machine. rise of the middle class. people come into money who never had money before. need to be told what to do with the money. breeds envy and contempt. a social cost to industrialization which had long wages, mass unemployments and tenements. plus side, growing literacy, public education.

Video short: Gangs of New York~ short clip.

talked about how Irish were treated like crap. Loved and hated William Tweed. Theives admired him.

Technology lowers cost and increase production. same with printing greater availability, more money means more productivity. competition, when want attention, they want bigger type. 

Nest thing comes along is wood type. with machinery and the Router. it means an orgy of different styles. the Router discards limitations of type faces. created Egyptian face. they get their name because it was what was cool at the time. 

next major innovation came with Two line Egyptian type which we would call San Serif. they had egyptian and one day someone took the serifs off.  even weight, not contrast to thick and thin. 

Tuscan face, a type of display face. a crazy decoration of letters. (similar to cowboys). then we get dimentional letters, knocked out letters,  

Words for the day: Democrazization, Bodoni, Transitional, Modern, Neo-classical, interchangeable parts, fat face, compositor, industrialization, display type, egyptian, sans serif, tuscan style, wood type, ephemera.  ephemera: things that's not suppose to be collected. 

people used ephemera everywhere. poster houses springing up, not designed, what would fit in the space and what's available. 

Looking a ephemera in the past showed what was being sold what people were buying.  

five historical faces: old style, transitional, modern, egyptian, sans serif.  the differences are in quality of strokes, separation, and the brackets. 

Display: black letter, hand written, script, dingbats. 

faces are measured by the height of the lowercase letters or the x-height. 

Leading is the space between lines of type. it's measured from base line to base line. 

Advice to myself in the future- ((Leading is 20% beyond the base line)))

Never use auto leading, especially on a poster.  it's 20% over.  

Personal Thoughts:  I felt that class was actually useful as to what we need to learn as design students. Since we're using a lot of typography in 2D design, it's good to learn how it evolved and what the different types of typefaces were created. The differences of how the type used to look was really simple and interesting. It's a little scary but also believable that people compete in how popular their typography is and do wacky things to get the public's attention. Even in today's era, we focus on what's new and popular and sometimes get fueled with envy on wanting what the others or multiple people have. I've felt that feeling before and it's sad that it's what society has come too but it's acceptable as well. These lecture is also for future information for me when I need to make a poster and there are things I shouldn't do if I want good results in my career.  Learning about how Bodoni became popular and how it copied the Rococo design was good for me to know since I've been using it a lot with my typography in 2-D Design class. Overall, there are things that are quite unique about how the historical typefaces lead an impact as to how the world falls to consumerism and how it'll continue to grow with display face to attract people to the different styles companies produce.

Questions: I would like to know how the other types of typefaces on my computer like in Photoshop and Illustrator came into becoming popular? Another one is are they similar to the historical typefaces and if they are, who were the different types of people that thought of their design being similar to it?

Entry 2

Days's Notes: -Pictographs

-writing information takes power away from people/ using memory

-all the information that's recorded, multiple people have info, guy has no power

-power taken away because of literacy

ex_ 

Key terms from last week: Lascaux, Scribe, Sumerian, illuminated Manuscripts, Cuniform, book of keels. (manuscripts) they shed lights, they were literally illuminated

When societies progress, technology progresses.

recognizing the importance of literacy and when roman kind of went to pop, it makes Charloamine, imports a head scribe, Al Quinn of York. York develops Caroline if Minuscules. 

fast forwarded to 1400, wood block print of playing card. until then entertainment was not getting raped by vikings. entertainment royalty and peasants have, have same thing.  (xylography)

People's brains are wired differently, remember visual signs, strategy. 

poor status people can own printed wooden stacks now. 

death was popular. because plague, ars morienei, tells how to day for the afterlife, the afterlife is better then common life. propaganda, could leave money to family, or to church. the print was hand carved. 

another ars morienei, hand colored 

Hutanberg/ the east experimenting with printing, makes printing in text work

Factors that were in place were a growing middle class, students in expanding universities, increase literacy, monopoly on literacy being taken away from the church, theres a demand. increase literacy more people want books, books worth farm. Gutenberg bring systems together, develops owl, system for developing letter forms, comes up with ink, comes up with press system, develops types styles, ligatures (look up). he's a regular guy. just guy wanting to make money, 

1438, forms a formal contract teaching secret process for making mirrors; heating mercery. 5 year another secrets contract, trial showed him printmaking.  his systems stay in place. 

Film: The making of a renaissance book

printmaking, had to get lead to making them and fixing each individual letter and cared about the space.

typography is used to print with independent prints, 

letter of indulgence, buy off church to pay off sins. get out of jail free card. gutenberg could make these, he makes a gutenberg bible. printed 1455, prints the same text but adds designs to it. in 1450, he borrowed from 800 gilders, contract with yohan bus, idea of printing bibles, 1452, borrow another 800 gilders to establish partnership, adds extra lines to save 142 words, 1455, fuss sues gutenberg, he takes over production of bibles, goes into business with shop forman. incunabula; it mean baby carriage, reforest to the first 50 years of printing. 

bible was first successful book. selling them as manuscripts, 1465, gutenberg is appointed noble men and they know he got screwed over. Nainz, Germany 1500, 35 additions of 9 million books all by hand. typography is the major communications in advance  between the invention of writing and 20th century mass communication. at first people freak out. some fall, others adapt. from 1473, book about famous women, 

1493, Nuremberg chronicles, a history of the world up to that point. had storyboard/ thumbnails of them working on the things that they planned out. 

swevyheym and Pannartz- evolution to roman letters, to printers from italy. brings letterforms that are based on humanistic writing of scribes. during the renaissance, rediscovering classic text. 1475, first english settling book. 

calendarier, a calendar. (1476) 

1639, steven daye, locksmith, gets to be first printer in colonies, first thing prints is whole books of psalms messy, horrible, not crafted with love, guy trying make buck, 

rococo, france 1730's printing goes crazy, fanciful, ornate, a time of inquiry, science, 

1692, louie ordered scholars made royal typeface. drawn by grid, scientific principle. 

rommainduroi, stayed the same until french revolution. 

Fournier; he created clean, readable, decretive, printers flowers : florins. he created a manual of typography. he prints popular literature 

copperplate ingrain, became popular, scratching in plate with needles, knew they could do typography like topographic books without being limited. pushed litterform design. 

Personal Thoughts: Today's class was interesting like it was before. Printmakers a worked hard to create their letters making each letter form and post it with lead ink. They had to be carful not to make mistake like in terms of spacing and incorrect letters. There were also people like Gutenberg with made his own bible and made a buck out of it. He had the typography similar to what the bible had but added his own print making designs into it to make it decorative and nice. I thought the effort they gave to improve the time of typographic design was relentless and difficult. It would be something I wouldn't do and am glad they gave the effort in their printmaking so we could have things done easier for us today. The video showed a lot of their work but it was a little uninteresting. Overall, the class was very informative and it showed how freaking lucky we are.

Entry 1

Today's class taught about how previous thoughts are remixed to create new and creative ideas. We watched the video called "Everything's a remix" which showed some of they ideas from movies and successful music records the themes have come from old or previous made ideas of someone else. An example that was brought from the video was how computer companies copied ideas from the Xerox to make things more efficient like the Macintosh. 

There was also mentions of the Scribes about them having strict and professional life style. They are needed to prefect their work and if they make a mistake they'll have to start over from the beginning. They also find creative ways to illustrate their work. Scribes sometimes suffered for their work and faced threats from their work being evil. 

Reflections:

I thought class was very informative and unique. It's a knew way for me to learn and I enjoyed the way Dorian presented the lecture. He gave a more wacky and crazy style of teaching compared to the regular way it's taught with other professors. It really caught my attention to what was required for the lesson and how to memorize without cramming your braincells on multiple subjects. He was also relatable on how an art student deals with having to learn history as a requirement for college. It helped to learn about how things from famous movie I enjoyed happened to have copied a lot of information from a variety of classic movie scenes and make a fantastic piece millions of people have enjoyed. 

The life of a Scribe was full of difficult challenges that it make me think our generation has it easy with using technology for our everyday life. I was a little envious of the talent of their writing and the dedication they have for their work no matter how many revisions they had to do when they tried to correct a mistake.

Breif Bio

Hey Hey Hey, what's up people? I'm Rashad Dunn and I'm a little new to the whole blogging thing. I'm 18 years of age and my major is motion design. I hope to learn a lot from this class and will update with results I hope a satisfactory to the class. I'm a little shy at first so I won't usually talk much in class and not really confident in what I do. I don't always have the best memory at times but I'll take as much out of this class as I can. I hope for an excellent semester with History of Graphic Art.