Entry 11

Notes-

Swiss Design/ The International typographic style- 

IT IS MORE THAN JUST GRIDS! visual unity is achieved from a asymmetrical organization. it embraced objective photography. embarked the idea of san serif type, flush left/ rag right. WE see mathematical grids as the stereotype of swiss design. they thought that design should be socially useful. More important than the appearance is the attitude. it has it's roots in european modernism. Design as a socially useful and important activity. In 1950, Maxwell was invalid in creating his own school of design which existed till 1968 it was called "Ulm". They worked with one type face and used contrast as a visual elements. 

((they introduced a study of semiotics. ))- important in slide. 

Semiotics-

it's the philosophical theory of signs and symbols, what they mean in relationship to other things.There is no inherent or independent meaning. Get over it.  it's broken down into three basic parts; 

syntactis- order, (red followed by yellow followed by green)

semantics- meaning or refered to, (you should probaley slow down)

pragmatics- how it is used. (fire)

Armon Hoffman- he was born in 1920 and still alive. He designed the negative space and the rest will work . Joseph Muller Brockmann was looking for an absolute universal graphic expression. He embraced white space with his work and used his grid for a majority of his work. 

Swiss Modernism VS NYC modernism-

Paul Rand, Saul Bass & Ivan Chermayeff

1940 begun ti see effects of Modernism in advertising

European theoretical-- NY, oragmatic

"The Big Idea"

Paul Rand embraced the ideas of European modernism, and was the creator of the magazine Decoded. it was a WWII of a present for christmas but is was a barb wire. the red confetti was really drops of blood. He also gave us the UPS logo. The work that he was doing was ripped and cut and paste with collages. In the "No Way Out" piece, he just had paper and put it together, Saul Bass also did this. His work has influenced everyone's sense. 

Ivan Cherymayeff- 

doesn't get much attention but his work is in everyday life daily.  Luggage tags were collected by Cherymayeff and formed a new totalic.  He does a large protion of his art work using symbiotic theory. He had dots and gave them meaning. He uses the cheapest material to create art that's reflected by the brains thoughts. 

Post-modernism-

it's difficult to define. used to note a break with the earlier modernist principles by placing emphasis on form over function, by reinforcing traditional or classical elements, or by carrying modernists styles or practices to extremes.

Seen in Art, Design, Literature, and Architecture

Emphasis on feel rather than rationale

emphasis on surface, texture, and materials

self-consciousness or self reflecting

mixes high and low

historical reference

Vernacular

with Super graphics, people were taking big letterforms and colors and taking them places to reject the logic and just doing the texture. 

in 1963, a type ceding exam for Wolfgang Vinegard, becomes a relevant figure and in 1968 he gets bored with international style things. soon he goes back to letter press and wonders what happens if he lets chaos into the letter press. he embraces chaos.  He questioned the international style of design and was teacher in bosal. he influenced young students to take up this idea, He was saying "what if" but the problem was was it was easy to copy.  

Personal Thoughts:

Class was entertaining. With the Martha Stewart reference in terms of modernism was hilarious. It was good to have a refresh on the type of work Memphis did since Contemporary Design. Paul Rand and Ivan Cherymayer's work with paper to test your mind with images used out of cheap garbage is what i tired to do last year and failed, so i have a lot of respect for them for pulling these art styles. I'm also trying to learn to embrace white space in my work like Armon Hoffman has done. 

All these things they've done are more difficult than they seem and it's frustrating but interesting to think how their thought process went and what could they have done to improve on their original design. Modernism has changed a lot of things that almost anything theta might be done would seem to be copied. All and all, class never seems to bore me especially with the different types of ideas and art techniques artist pulled off in the past.

 And Dorians ways of explaining the subjects swell.

Questions:  

With all these changes with the Post Modernism era, were any older generation artist threatened by their work and did they find it difficult to keep up with and fall into obscurity? 

Entry 10

Notes: 

Herbert Matter-  he's a swiss born american photographer and designer, his work influence the NY school of designers. He's important for his use of imagery and projective imagery. He's in the pathion of people who designers look to. in the 80's, on the right there's a poster by Paul Abshare. He usually have exaggerated skills with imagery. He did work for Null furniture company and he unused abstraction of the form to speak about the form. 

he imbraces negative forms to allow the chair to be art. he's giving people a new way of thinking about art. 

Lester Beal- he gets a degree in chicago and he works as a designer in the 20's and 30's and he learns everything on his own. He moves a studio to NYC and the corporate design was like madmen. One of the things you can recognize about his work is visual contrast. in a piece he created in 1985, he has an open layout with contrast in forms/ He had a bizarre love for wood type and realized they work really well for contrast and he loves arrows. He later works for the Rural Elecrtification Administration and communicated the information with the least means. 

WPA: Works Program Administration- It's the largest new deal agency, it was an effort to try to employ millions of americans. They had a whole branch dedicated to the arts and hire European modernist to create modernist ideas to the government. 

Personal Thoughts: Class was shorter in notes then usual and the movie was full of so much information of Herbert Matter that it'll be hard to remember it all. I'm still happy with myself for getting an A on that test. It appears to be apparent that there can be multiple new ways ti think about art if you express it in different various compared to the usual techinques. Herbert Matter's work was a clear example of what was needed for art to strive in the future. 

Questions: How did the WPA find artist to employ?

Entry 9

Notes: triangles are REALLY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!!!

Bauhaus 1919-1933

14 years

33 Faculty

1250 students

1919-1925- Bauhaus is in Weimar- still place 

- 1923 first public exhibition

- 1924 Letter of resignation

1925-1932- Dessau. they evolve and their things are sold in shops

1928 

1932- 1933- Berlin- in old abandon factory 

Utopian desire to create a new spiritual society

Unity of Artist and Craftsmanship to build for the future

Ideas from all of the Advanced Art and Design Movements were exploited and applied funciainal design

Core people of the Bauhaus-

Paul Klee

Moholy Nagy

Johannas Itten

Herbert Bayer

Kandinsky

Mies van der Rohe

Walter Gropius

Oscar Schlemmer

Joseph Albers

Walter Gropius- 

first director of the Bauhaus, lived until 1969. He's a solider in the first WW and thinks about creating a new stool and taming the machine and taming technology for the benefits of society while he was studying. he has a council of master which were Gerhard Marks, Lyonel Feringer, and Johannes Itten who instructed the Preliminary Courses. 

it was a printed manifesto of the Bauhaus. They used a woodcut illustration used as a metaphor with represented paint sculpture and architecture saying it should alb one.  They saw themselves shaping the new century. They looked at what was the core the every basic thing artist should know. 

Johannas Itten-

His contribution was the he designed the foundation program and that there should be a Core knowledge the everyone shares. he lives until 1967. he idea was trying to release each individuals capabilities. what's special about this person. he was interested in establishing a physical nature in materials. he taught the fundamental principals of design that everyone would relate to. they would to explorations of contrast and study the old mater works and analyze them. there was a emphasis in contrast on how we would understand reality. sent the students out the grab  materials and understand the movement of objects. students didn't have money. 

Laszlo Moholy Nagy-

a hungarian constructavist. heft that art should be for the service of society. he experimented with everything- photography and montage and Itten sets up a foundation program but he's too far so he's replaces by Nagy and he's brought in to take over the foundation. he has incredible influence in the Bauhaus. Gropius right hand man. he combines imagery and typography and he thinks it's the most important thing to be experimenting with and creates a typo photo. he thought communication should be in it's most intense form. he was interested in legibility. the communication should never be impaired by aesthetic. he doesn't like post -nominism but he's trying to create a new graphic language. he experiments with photograins which was something new and used this as a way to make new art to explore new areas. a What If. He develops photoplastics which were photobloges and was a different way of thinking pre-computer. 

It's the golden period for the Bauhaus. a New building the gropius was able to bring his architecture work. Their stairway was actually similar to a painting to Schemer and Liechtenstein. 

Herbert Bayer-

he gives the universal alphabet. his idea is that we don't have an alphabet and the we have to learn upper and lower case ABand C. he came up with the idea to omit the upper letter. He did a piece which was a poster to announce a poster for Kandinsky that it's design was modernism in a nut shell. in 1928 Gropius and Nagy leave. they were harassed by the Nazi's. they thought if they leave the Bauhaus would be left alone.  he hired Hanz myers who isn't popular with the Nazi party. he doesn't last long and is replaced by Lease Vanderrou. not attractive and very mean looking. he's from a school called blood and soil. but then their closed by the Nazi's for his actions. 

Jan Tschicochold-

he creates an hand letter advertisement. he's the son of a designer painter and studied calligraphy. he's there in 1922. In 1936 america, the ideas of the Bauhaus wasn't embraced there. in 1923, in 21 years old he goes to the bauhaus exhibition and explode to their ideas. he brought different ideas into practical use and design and rocks his world. in 1925, he's writing and publishing a paper that explained the new typography to printers and designers. in 1928, he writes a seminal book called "the new typography". It was a bible for typography. he was looking to say everything people were doing with typography was crap and they need to use the new typography. lol he turns away from it later from life. the aim of every typographic work to be the dietary of a message in toy shortest most efficient manner. He created a simple invitation in 1927 which uses active negative space. He's harassed by the Nazi's by his typography. they throw him in jail and he's freaked out. in 1933, the Nazi powers shrugged. his worked was considered degenerated. and soviet posters were found in his flat. they think he was in collaboration with the communist and his typography book was confiscated for the protection of society. in 6 weeks, he and his family escape to Switzerland. He later works for penguin books and leaves the rest of his life there. 

Personal Thoughts: I thought that for class that a good help for studying for the test next week and that they different styles of the variety of artist would really help to make a new revolution for the new generation of artist here. Dorian's lecture seems to make him want us to focus more on the important teachings of history and focus on using more was of learning that would seem more appealing like using youtube or any type of video. The Nazi's ways with destroy work make me a little more pissed off at their actions with effecting the Bauhaus, if it wasn't enough with harming the jewish religion. I hope that I could be one of the people that will change how this generation of art will bring art into this era starting a new cause for my future.

Questions: I would like to know more about what other things the Nazi's have destroyed or disgraced with their actions during their uprising? I was shocked by the action that they took with Tschicochold. Do they do anymore drastic actions like this?

Entry 8

Notes-

Suprematist believed in the idea of jus pure color in their work. 

El Lissitzky-

El Lissitzky he's a painter, he helped pioneers but he's not dogmatic as moliavich and influenced distil and the bauhaus. He uses primary and simple shapes like black, white and red. he explores the interaction between the painting and arcitechtture. he develops P.r.o.u.n s which stands for project for establishment of the new art. He takes a scientific approach of he new art. Beat the whites with the red edge, it's a propaganda poster that's the most remembered of his work. wrote a book called the ism's of art, where he looks on what's going on with art. He has a interesting page system where he develops a mathematical grid system for the pages. It's written in english, german,and french languages. he brings modern ideas, with asymmetrical balance, white space, san serif type and  he shows that grids are a system of rules. 

The Battleship Potemkin- Video

Alexander Rodchenko-

in 1924, he attended art school from 1910-1914. He explored line and circles during one of his projects. he did simple pieces were he was influenced by Suprematism. 'I reduced painting to it's logical conclusion" as he says when he shows the primary colors of red, yellow, and black. he says painting doesn't serve society and moved to construcitivism. the style was primitive, raw and experimental. in 1928, it evolves and looks almost contemporary. After the revolution, people soon wanted power and creates teams where personal expression isn't aloud. Constructivist art is all about product like ads. 

De Stijl- 

it functions in a little window of time. it ends abruptly and it's based on an utopia approach to aesthetics. it's based on functionalism and relates to constructivism, 

 uses primary colors and black and white. it sought to express mathematical structures and express the universe and universal harmony. the groups known member and leader is Theo Vandosbergs. when he dies, it's that when the movement stops. They soon embrace asymmetrical composition in their magazine. the type makes you move around the page. it happened in 1922. 

Dadaism- 

Dadaism is where they say the world is chaos and the world has no meaning, so why should art have meaning? Theo actually embraced Dadaism. cause he believed in order to establish a new art, you had to destroy everything else, destroy the old tradition. Piet Mondrian is the most famous De Stijl Artist. Theo and Mondrian were buddies but had a fight. Theo wanted to use diagonals with the art, Mondrian was pissed about that. You can see an evolution of Mondrian work when he paints the same thing with a different interpretation. 

Bauhaus- 

it was a school like Ringling. in germany, it sucked, they lost the first world war, had pictures of people buying bread with a wheel-barrel of money. it;' built around and ideal to create a spiritual idea of utopian society. it was based around of looking for a unity to build a new future of craftsmanship. it exist in three different cities. in 1919-1925 in Weinar, Peope question how they were spending their  money for their art students. they have their first exhibition to earn money. in Dessau ,they were harassed by Nazi's and criticized the art students for their work with the art school. the built their school their. When the Nazi's kick them out. they go to a nasty place Berlin with awful environment. 

(get dates about Bauhaus from slideshow)

Personal Thoughts- Class was really depressing, the movies made me sad. Hahaha, just screwing with you. It was good to get a reminder as to how the Bauhaus operated with not a lot of money for an art school to stand. Especially with the poor surroundings and the Nazi's scooting them away. It's also nice to know about artist who use geometric shapes and mathematical grid systems as the way Lissiitzky had done. Another simplicity that was used in art with influenced Suprematism that I thought could be another relatable artist was Rodchenko. I thought his style and inspiration was new and creative but despite wanting to evolve from raw and primitive work as he calls it I still think all types of work can still be appreciate as we still look back at our work today. Dadaism keeps on reminding me that since life has no meaning, then why should art. I'm thinking about adding chaos to my personal work so I can make my work mean more to me than just a grade. The movie about the Bauhaus was moving shown how far people were willing to go for their art and what it takes to stand against oppression of the Nazi's. Have lots of thought on how I'm going to memorize this for the quiz and test. and seeing if their work will help with my style someday. 

Questions-  What did Theo and Mondrian have to relate to about their work before they had the big fight about the diagonal debate?

Entry 7

Notes: The youth movements is the next step of the art nouveau. with the Vienna succession, they felt oppressed and wanted a little freedom with their lives are their reaction to the old people telling them what to do. If things become too abstract you lose your audience. It should be a continuum away from the literal. what was cool about them was that they had their one magazine.they did something really radical and cool with the companies that wanted to sponsor it, they said if you want to advertise in our magazine, then we get to design your ad. The sixties poster come out when there was a art nouveau inspiration. It was a magazine that focused on young people and wasn't generated for adults. their posters focused on letterforms and their designs weren't crisp and completely indecipherable. their art rifts on other designs since they weren't locked into a style. their gig was to do historical themed recreations and digitize them into recreational thought. Their ideas revolved use to a modern poster style. 

Peter Barrons 

He's believed to be the first person to experiment with san serif type. He's an early advocate of san serif type. san serif was originally a anomaly. he creates what's considered to be the first comprehensive identity package. I pioneers the idea of non low bearing walls. He becomes influenced by a new professor whose obsessed with the idea of geometric expression. in 1904, he's expressed interested in his professors work. 1906 he designs the anolium , he sued the basic principle in combining the square to make interesting results. Barrons is hired by AEG in1907 to oversee their aesthetics. a year later, he fuels copyright for a logo, it's scene as a metaphor and it's like a honeycomb where everyone is working for the greater good. He comes up with the ideas with a consistent layout system, logo, and typeface. He takes it a step further later and takes interchangeable parts and applies it to the electric company. He also made the design for the turbin hall. this was old the time where we get the first electric railroad karts in London. 

WWI begins in 1914, it wasn't a pretty time. art movements reacted to it. 

Lucian Barnard

in early 20th century, a guy named Lucien Barnard was just another regular guy. He repainted the house like how it was since he got inspired by an art exhibition. Dad got mad and kicked him out. He became a starving artist. he paints an ashtray and a cigar then continues and when deadline comes he doesn't have anything. then he paints everything but the matches and name and sends it in. but it's put on a trash heep and throw it out. when they hired another guy to judge, he was so snobby he chooses Lucian and says he's the winner. Lucian rides this and used his work as a success. he soon became a commercial artist. he didn't like the bauhaus he didn't like that art should be a theory that is should be a job. it's been the longest running debate between designers. he later does other work for companies and typefaces. Another artist reifsts on his style and used Plockasthill. 

Plockasthill -poster style

it was an early war propaganda poster the supported the army recruiting people. it was a U boat (submarine) and it was abstract. it was a sophisticated way of thinking. Lucian also had graphic art that depicted abstracted meanings, (that were violent). 

The axis powers were weak design posters they were depicted on illustrations and they spoon fead their ideas to the audience. 

The axis powers were graphic while the allies were about illustration. 

Ludwig Hohlwein

he's a masterful poster designer, his achievements is overshadowed with his alliance wit the losing team. his poster of the red cross is related to the tradition of asian prints. later did the poster of the 1986 olympics. he reputation is destroyed because the germans and Hilter are asswipe losers. Hitler didn't like this approach to his designs. he believes that the allies have much better poster and that they should speak to the least sophisticated masses. he's gadabout emotional impact using contrast. 

A.M. Cassander

Cubism starts off in the 1900's , the greatest poster designer during this time was A.M Cassander.  when you embrace the idea of design being geometrical and  in proportional  we see things in life like that. Cassander uses sophisticated abstract to communicate ideas. He used the language of cubism in most of his work. 

Dotism is the reaction where noting makes sense and questions why art makes sense. 

Surrealism. saying the world is crazy and gives a mathematical approach to art. suppremmitsm comes up when cubism comes and used a single color to express emotion with simple ideas. it's about art for arts sake. it' about pure feeling. it's influenced by two things. futurism and constructivisim. futurism it was how can i show connects in motion.

Suppremmitism rejects utilitarian function,  it also rejects pictorial representation.Kazimir Malevich is the leader of the suppremmitisim movement. 

Rodchanko, Lissitzky, Tatlin were the three big players of Suprematism. 

Personal Thoughts: Class today was plain at it's best. We learned about how youth were sick of adult authority and decided to take matters in their own hand and wanted to have their own decisions, designs and creativity. They even designed ads that supported their magazine and work. their  abstract work reminds me of the work that's used today in art museums. They even rifted the classical art designs and made it stunning and imaginative. I feel this work is what inspired the change in music and later art styles. It's something I might try to do in the near future hoping to change the ways people see things while still communicating my thoughts and designs to give them feeling. I'm probably a long way from that but hey got to start somewhere. It's nice to know that there's regular people like Lucian Barnard  who gets famous from first becoming nothing. I thought the story of him becoming big is relatable but never going to happen to me since my family can't kick me out now and they never would. I appreciate that he got inspired by an art exhibition and wanted to try things out, sure he was late, we all know what that feels like but the fact that he got a career out of luck is what's really inspiring about his story. I wonder when'll that will happen to one of use and what style of art will get us famous. The propaganda posters of war were really well designed and Hitler's an idiot for not seeing true art and design. Wish he was on team America instead of the losing team. Since there was a lot of talk about the bauhaus and propaganda with Hitler (moron, you can see my hate for him) it was like a regular history lesson what i learned with high school but with art!!!!! Anyway, I'm ranting on here, class was informative and cool but like I said plain at it's best, except for the screen problems.

Questions: 

How far did Lucian Barnard's work take him. I also wonder did he repeat his lateness with his work like he did for his original work he showed? Another question is how did the other german soilders take to Ludwig's propaganda posters. Did Jewish people and American appreciate his work or did they see it the same way as Hitler did (not relating for the masses)?

DORIAN LOVES THIRDS XD XD XD XD !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Entry 6

Notes:

John Ruskin, he was born in 1819, early part of 1800's, becomes phylisofical leader of the arts and crafts leader. a leader that called for social reform. he asked how could you structure as society so they can maintain an orderly society? he wanted structure with society to take care of the most people. it was the beginning of socialism. he was a writer and a philosopher had the base idea that things were valuables simply because it was beautiful. he pointed to the idea of the cathedral being the perfect example of unity of design.  Several people were inspired by this idea. 

WILLIAM MORRIS-

William Morris is an important figure. Morris had the nick name Topsy.  With industrialization, with the key word aesthetic confusion, they rebelled against the machines. the idea was things were valuable because they were produced by hand. He;s the son of a wealthy merchant. i published his first set at 24. Morris is known for his oaten work, he was a socialist. Morris was involved with book arts, it was;t something that was flourished. it was later a popular trend. Goudi and Bruce Rogers hand an intreats in book arts Morris designs 3 of his own type faces golden, a black typeface called troy, and a smaller one called chaser. Morris;s type has even tonality. His work was precisely even in color. he design over 6044 blocks and did initials, boarders, frames, title pages. They always remember his vine work and work effort. 

Each generation rejects what their previous generation did. 

ART NOUVEAU- 

Aubrey Beardsley , he was inspired by William Morris, his work was similar to him. if you make a comparison you'll see similarity. he also has naked nymphs. Morris was pissed and threatened legal action against it. His work has a dark sexualness, and he has a tragic (generic) short life. Alphonse Mucha is a another person we could relate to. Had incredible sketched, when he starts as a young painter and printer, he gets a job working at a print shop. a big star Sara Burnhard had a design she was donning and she didn't like it. she ask for poster to be done while al was at work. the work was lush and colorful but looked uncompleted at the bottom. he didn't have time to finish. But she fell in love with it.  had him design costumes and sets and posters. Mucha's style was dominant. in late 1800's and early 1900's, Al is what defines what Art Nouveau is. The classic piece that everyone knows of Art Nouveau si the poster for job cigarette papers. 

Things to discuss about Mucha's work

whiplash tendrils for hair,

 tile work, 

a trumployness where he plays with depth

a flat background element playing 

get a sense of detention with the hair

complex patterns

the flat background is japanese inspired

his work was sophisticated graphic detail work. it was something that he believed in. People loved pattern work, they usually brought books of pattern, they enjoyed decoration. Had an abstract form of art. 

GE;'s pattern related to a japanese design, 

Art Nouveau catches on slow in America. Another man in America Will Bradley playes with abstraction, black and whlte pattern. He starts doing innovative things. starts using abstracts in simple form. has the ground in flat pattern but has demotions with the women. He also manipulated negative space in abstract form.  he used a photomechanical to reproduce the image to make the work abstract by decoding the image using japans woodcuts. Gets full of himself and prints a book while incorporating a lot of pattern work. 

Soon advertising becomes sophisticated.  Some of the work created a sense of envy with making the people look fancy and sophisticated. 

Jugenstrill was an art Nouveau that was about youth and was a popular trend. is again has simple flat color representing block printing. 

Peter Barrons another artist was known for his wookd block prints. He created a radical piece call the Kiss. It was scandals and taboo at the time. 

In Scottland, there was the Glassgo school of art. The school was bould around  4 different people, Margeret and Francis McDonald and they were sisters. Herbert McNare. and Charles Renne Macintosh. they were working in a similar style and they decided to team up. the work that they were doing were geometric, it has curvealiniar elements (meaning elements that was curvy, it doesn;t have right angles, but has a rectalinear structure) it has floras decoration, symbolism (carry over from Victorian era) like stylized forms, 1890;s headmaster sees them and says they should hang out.  

A book was made Margeret McDonald and in was made in 1896 and it was using symbolism.

They move in to many facets of design. they designed interiors, they recreated an entire restaurant and changed their library. They have a method on how things were going to work. 

Talwin Loriss  he listened to their information and took their ideas to give practical expression. he started to become extremely collectible and his stuff was mass produced. he's collected for his spin design. 

Sessionstil means style. young art people hanging out with the older art people and they wanted a show and the old people said no so the young people created their own. they formed Sessionstil.Gusta Clint and Koloman Moser important members of the Sessionstil. they put on an art show for their first exhibition, their first has an allegory which as an idea of the young people killing the old guard.

they used an outrageous use of negative space,had used so much white space. 

Personal Thoughts: I thought that today's class had a lot of information. Mucha's life style reminds me of my own and I'm a little wishful that my life will be that great as his when that lady loved his art work even though it was late. The Art Nouveau had a lot of abstract nature within it's pieces and it's use of negative spaces is also incredible that I hope to incorporate that style within my own animations. The video that was shown demonstrated the difficult time he had with his work and making people happy and making money on his own. However it's hard to relate since he was still wealthy thanks to his fathers income that made them still wealthy. I hope i get as lucky as some of these artist, without the sexual exploring and early death. 

Questions: Sometimes us art students are restricted in materials around here, I would like to know if Mucha had the same problem that we have with supplies and also if his dominate style was criticized by someone jealous of his talents? 

Entry 5

Class Notes:

A review on what's going to be on the test next week.

Quniform, 

Cave paintings are pictorial, elemental, abstract. qutiform shows transition. it develops out of speed and efficiency, but if it becomes faster it becomes more abstract.  Zylography, is printing with wood. shown of early block printing. 

through printing technologies they are examples of block books, books using block printing. the lettering style that was being used was gothic. texture, black letter, and gothic or anonymous.

 Gutenberg used gothic letter styling because that's what they used at the time of his era. goring middle class, students in universities. king of france was in favor of printing. Gutenberg regula guy, trying to make a buck. 

things to remember for a later time: 

A: Punch

B: Matirx

C: Type Mold (with matrix removed to show a newly cast H)

D&E: Type Mold

letter of indulgence is example of letter press printing. 

Words to remember: 

Xylography

Ligature

Incunabula

Fleurons

Steven Daye was a normal guy with his work. 

Simonneau's has 2,034 units in his drawings that were made because it marked an old style type face.

Pierre Simon Fournier uses a rococo style which was a french style that was fussy and decorative. with Copper plate engraving you can have a contrast between thick and thin. which led to Bodoni and Modern. the design style is neoclassical while it's family style is Modern. Bodoni has redesigned the roman letterforms. 

Need to know Joseph Niepce and Louise Jacques work for the test. Important. also that the first adman were brokers of space for newspapers with advertising.

Another words to think/study:

Ephemera (wasn't intended to be preserver)  

Scrap- they're disposable, example of ephemera

more example: calendars, picture materials.

New material:

the poster was a time period where there were a lot of exhibition where people showed their technology. Allegories had become popular that wasn't literal that represented something else.The printing tells you that the style is provolography.

there was a lot of experimenting with lettered for packaging  in different ways to how to get ink onto the metal, it was applied to packaging where people can find piles of it. the product was replacing the shopkeeper. when people moved to cities are relationship to people are replaced by products, they put faces to give customers something to relate to. it was the point in history where food culture started to emerge. as production methods improved. people start to produce more oats. the time where we start getting manipulated by our media. the ladies home journal and the practical housekeeper were respected journals and when they wrote ideas, they wanted people to trust them, they're not going to mention the product, just say how to make it. but they used juxtaposition of the food images to run an ad next to the recipe. we are aware of it but follow it anyway.  they used visual manipulation to have the women look nice and making soup in a soup tureen. they sutley say your life would be easier using their stuff. it's consumerisms but not high art. 

Towards the end of 1800's, they had chromolithography and workers fought tooth and nail to keep jobs. 

the Victorians gave the beginnings of toy books. that were meant to entertain kids. it was a change in attitude for kids. Walter Crane (will be coming up for the next several weeks). his style was the start of influence from japanese prints. 

Calbercott made absurd thing silk dishes running away.

Kate Greenaway is a few female illustrators being mentioned, she has a general use of white space at the time. 

Thomas Nast was an illustrator who brought down Boss Tweed and Tamani Hall using his illustrations to make commentary to what's going on. Tweed tries to offer Nast 500,000 dollars  but Nast stayed and continued the fight. things that were new and cool were what was popular and got into the ads. 

the giant pickle, Heinz 57 where John Henry Heinz began selling horseradish and started releasing a line of free package foods with 57 pieces to his line, he reacts the first large electric sign of his billboard.  was one of the first people to figured out that his employees were his marketings. using pretty young girls to be eye candy to all of the perverts. 

Personal Thoughts: I thought today's class went well. I got an almost perfect on my quiz that i used my notes for. But the test might be hard challenging since I have to memorize everything that I need to know. Reviewing was kind of simple and helpful with what I need to memorize. The new information was also interesting and related to what I do and use everyday. 

The information about how the allegories were popular with their printing style. The quaker mascot was familiar with what my family use when they eat oatmeals and other types of food. it's relatable to them, and they like the use of it mostly because of the face of a person. 

The Heinz ketchup is another thing that was familiar with my family and especially me. I loved the ketchup and the history of how he attracts people using his female employees is sick but effective in the type of work he's in. Overall, class was a good review and I hope to finish off the test with a bang.

Questions/Research: What was the most famous illustration that Nast did of Boss Tweed that attract the public to his work?